Scattering of a plane wave obliquely incident on a meteor trail is studied using the full wave treatment by treating the trail as a stratified column which has Gaussian radial electron distribution. Due to the coupling of the fields, the coupled equations have to be solved simultaneously. They are treated in matrix form, so the uncoupled and the coupled components can be distinguished. Based on the oblique scattering geometry, the effects of the variation of the communication range and the trail orientation are investigated. In the case of the variation of the communication range, results are in accordance with the approximate models but they are in contrast in the case of the variation of the trail orientation. Calculated waveforms are compared with the experimental echo shapes. It is found that they are in good agreement with each other. Furthermore, a duration comparison indicates that the electron line densities of most of the received signals are in the transition region.

Wall shadow removal problems differ due to configuration of walls in different propagation scenarios. Applying Weiler-Atherton polygon clipping method helps calculate illuminated regions on the building walls, but unfortunately the technique has limitation when there are many walls and the walls configuration is complex. The modified Weiler-Atherton polygon clipping method proposed can solve the problem by regarding all vertices of the subject polygon or clipping polygon, that are also intersection points as simply intersection points. In the case that a certain vertex of the subject polygon is a vertex of the clipping polygon, this vertex of the subject polygon is still considered a vertex. It is found that wall shadow removal using the proposed modified Weiler-Atherton polygon clipping method is more efficient.

Beam reconfiguration by structural reconfigurable antenna, such as the small multi-panel reconfigurable reflector antenna, has an aspect of great concern, that is the effects due to the use of a number of small panels to form the reflecting surface. It is thus a matter of great interest to numerically investigate all possible factors affecting the performance of this type of antenna such as: neighboring panels blocking, diffraction. The "null-field hypothesis" and PTD are employed to account for the effects of both phenomena on the main beam steering ability and the cross-polar level. In addition, the transformation of the polygonal flat domains into the square domains is applied in calculating the PO radiation field due to the various irregular polygonal flat sections of the arbitrary initial approximate reflector e.g., the flat circular reflector and the paraboloidal reflector. It is found that the main contribution to the total cross polarization is depolarization due to the finite size of the panels. The maximum cross-polar gain predicted using PTD is around -30 dB. The blocking effect has minor influence on cross-polarization. Both effects cause distortion on the co-polar pattern for the observer far from boresight but blocking has more influence than edge diffraction. Both effects have minor influence on the co-polar gain. The co-polar gain has variation of less than or equal to 0.07 dB in the flat case and 0.16 dB in the paraboloid case.

Outdoor wireless services quality is greatly tarnished by the existence of coverage blind spots or any areas of inadequate reception. It is thus of interest to eliminate or fill in the blind spots in order to boost the receiving signal strength which ultimately leads to better service quality. The authors propose the use of a simple flat metallic reflector as a device to divert some energy in the service coverage towards the blind spots or any existing areas of inadequate reception. The method of moment is employed in analysing the effectiveness of the authors' proposed technique. Experiments have been carried out to verify calculation results as well as to find out on the proposed technique's viability. It is found that the elimination of blind spots by using a reflector is a viable approach. The received power at the blind spot locations are increased by about 3 dB to 5 dB when the reflector is present.