The transmission control protocol with a random early detection (TCP/RED) is an important algorithm for a TCP congestion control [1]. It has been expressed as a simple second-order discrete-time hybrid dynamical model, and shows unique and typical nonlinear phenomena, e.g., bifurcation phenomena or chaotic attractors [2], [3]. However, detailed behavior is unclear due to discontinuity that describes the switching of transmission phases in TCP/RED, but we have proposed its analysis method in previous study. This letter clarifies bifurcation structures with it.

We present a novel burst-mode transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a gain-mode switching. The proposed TIA utilizes a regulated-cascode (RGC) input stage for broadband characteristics. To expand a dynamic range, the RGC controls a linear operating range depending on transimpedance gains by adjusting bias conditions. This TIA is implemented using the 0.18μm-CMOS technology. The experimental results show that the proposed TIA IC has a good eye-opening and can respond quickly to the burst data.