The performance of selection diversity combined with decision feedback equalizer for reception of TDMA carriers is investigated in this paper. The second generation digital land mobile communication systems standardized in the U.S., Japan, and Europe employ TDMA carriers at transmission bit rates up to several hundreds kbit/s. In order to provide higher quality of mobile communications services to the user with employing TDMA carriers, the systems would require both diversity and equalization techniques to combat attenuation of received signal power level due to Rayleigh fading and intersymbol interference resulting from time-variant multipath fading, respectively. This paper proposes a novel integration method of selection diversity and decision feedback equalization techniques which provides the better bit error rate performance than that for the conventional selection diversity method with decision feedback equalizer. The feature of proposed method is that selection diversity and decision feedback equalization techniques are integrated so as to interwork each other. We call the proposed method by the Decision Feedback Diversity with Decision Feedback Equalizer. The detailed algorithm of the proposed method is first presented, and then the system parameters for the method are evaluated based on the computer simulation results. Finally the computer simulation results for the performance of the proposed method are presented and compared to those for the conventional Selection Diversity with Decision Feedback Equalizer and the conventional Dual Diversity Combining and Equalization method under the typical mobile radio environments, in order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

The applications of adaptive arrays based on the digital beam forming technique are receiving wide attention. However, the adaptive control algorithm of the array antennas under TDMA systems is not well considered even though it requires particular consideration due to its intermittent bursts. In this paper, first, we propose a novel DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation method which is suitable for TDMA bursts. Second, the HA (Howells-Applebaum) adaptive array based on the proposed DOA estimation method will be constructed for the terminals in the mobile communication systems using non-geostationary satellites . Then the performance of the DOA estimation method and the HA adaptive array will be examined through computer simulations and experiments.

The Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique is motivating the world-wide researchers to realize the next generation wireless LANs with the higher channel capacity and higher signal quality. This paper proposes and analyzes the Space Division Multiplexing Single Carrier OFDM (SDM-SCOFDM) system with adaptive modulation (AM) method over MIMO channels. The salient features of the proposed method are to enable the significant reduction of the number of required feedback adaptive modulation information (AMI) bits and the improvement of the PAPR (peak to average power ratio) performance at a cost of little degradation of channel capacity as comparing with the AM aided SDM-OFDM system. We also propose the Carrier-to-Noise Power Ratio (CNR) estimation method for SDM-SCOFDM signals over multi-path fading channels, which can be used for the assignment of the optimal modulation scheme in each transmit antenna. This paper presents the various computer simulation results to verify the proposed method under a typical wireless LAN environment.

Band Division MC-CDM (BD-MC-CDM) has been proposed for high quality wireless communications and has been investigated in terms of link level performance. In this paper, we investigate frequency band and time slot selection technique from the viewpoint of system level performance in order to realize the efficient BD-MC-CDM system under cellular environments. Then a downlink frequency band and time slot selection scheme is proposed for cellular BD-MC-CDM systems. The proposed scheme selects transmission frequency band according to the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) estimated by using the pilot signal at mobile stations and also selects transmission time slot by using the SIR threshold. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the downlink throughput but degrades delay performance and it has a trade off between throughput and delay performance. By selecting suitable control parameters, the proposed scheme achieves the throughput improvement without sacrificing the delay performance.

Many applications of OFDM systems require Doppler spread estimation. This is quite difficult in multi-path fading channels with no strong direct path. This letter proposes a novel Doppler spread estimation method, which uses the mean square (MS) value of channel impulse response's time derivative. The proposed method is very simple compared with the previously proposed methods. Simulation results show that it allows easy and precise Doppler spread calculation for OFDM by using the channel estimation based on either pilot tones or pilot symbols.

One of the disadvantages of using OFDM is the larger peak to averaged power ratio (PAPR) in its time domain signal as compared with the conventional single carrier modulation method. The larger PAPR signal would course the fatal degradation of bit error rate (BER) performance due to the inter-modulation noise occurring in the non-linear amplifier. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a simple PAPR reduction method by using dummy sub-carriers, which can achieve the better PAPR performance with less computational complexity than the conventional method. This paper presents various computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of proposed method as comparing with the conventional method in the non-linear channel.

A wireless communications system with a transmission rate of 10 Mbit/s using Japanese ISM band (2471-2497 MHz) is presented. This system employs a novel spread spectrum multiple access method named "CFO-SS (Carrier Frequency Offset-Spread Spectrum)" method. In the CFO-SS system, a single PN code is commonly assigned to all the multiple carriers, and the frequency offset between the carriers is determined by the information symbol rate, which is small as compared with the spread bandwidth of the signal. Bit error rate performance of the proposed CFO-SS system under multipath environments is investigated by computer simulation, and the performance of the CFO-SS method is confirmed for wireless LAN systems using the 2.4 GHz ISM band.

This paper investigates transmission power control for packet transmissions by using code division multiplexing (CDM) in the downlink common (shared) channel of CDMA cellular packet systems and proposes a transmission power control scheme to improve throughput performance and geographical fairness of communication services. In the proposed scheme, downlink transmission power is controlled based on the signal-to-interference ratio predicted at mobile stations. Throughput performance and transmission delay are evaluated under perfect power control conditions. Simulation results show that by using site diversity technique the proposed scheme improves the downlink throughput for light load conditions and geographical fairness for all offered channel loads under both non-fading and fading environments.

This paper proposes a novel synchronization method of jointly estimating symbol frame timing and carrier frequency-offset for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal operating in the burst mode which is usually employed in the wireless LAN communications systems. The proposed method enables a fast and accurate synchronization for the burst mode OFDM signal even under the presence of large frequency-offset, very low C/N and frequency selective fading environments by using only two preamble symbols inserted at the start of every burst frame. This paper presents the various computer simulation results to verify the performance of proposed synchronization methods both for symbol timing and carrier frequency.

This paper proposes an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system with Grouping Adaptive Modulation method (GAM-OFDM). The salient feature of the proposed system is to enable the reduction of required transmission bits for adaptive modulation information (AMI) that is required in the demodulation process at the receiver. This paper also proposes an efficient AMI transmission method for the GAM-OFDM system to enable the efficient transmission of AMI bits by using only two preamble symbols, and the Multi-Carrier Spectrum Spreading (MC-SS) technique to achieve the excellent performance of AMI transmission even under severe multi-path fading environments. This paper presents the various computer simulation results to verify the performance of proposed GAM-OFDM system.

Temporal and spatial (geographical) fluctuations, which are present in the traffic of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), have a significant affect on the transmission performance and power consumption of WSNs. Several medium access control (MAC) mechanisms have been proposed for IEEE802.15.4 cluster-based WSNs to counter the temporal and spatial traffic fluctuations. However, these mechanisms cannot always achieve simultaneous improvement in both transmission performance and power consumption. In this paper, we propose two enhanced 2-level active period control mechanisms, BI&CAP control and BI&SD&CAP control, to achieve higher system performance than conventional control mechanisms. Various computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms for WSNs with various traffic fluctuations.

Traffic adaptive 2-level active period control has been proposed to enhance system performance in cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) employing IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) under temporal and spatial (geographical) non-uniform traffic environments. This paper proposes an adaptive method of controlling the backoff window for traffic adaptive 2-level active period control. The proposed method adjusts the size of the backoff window according to the length of the current active period, which is determined by 2-level active period control, and the time position for channel access in the active period. The results evaluated through computer simulations reveal that the proposed method can improve throughput as well as achieve high energy efficiency in cluster-based WSNs with non-uniform traffic distributions.

A shared-TDD scheme has been proposed for accommodation of asymmetric communications between uplink and downlink traffic. The application of shared-TDD scheme to CDMA cellular systems causes inter-link interference because CDMA cellular systems use the same frequency band for all cells. This paper proposes a transmission control scheme for uplink packets to relieve the effect of inter-link interference in CDMA/shared-TDD cellular packet systems. In the proposed scheme, mobile stations select transmission slots based on their location and the status of slot allocations in own and the adjacent cells. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme relieves the effect of inter-link interference, and thus improves the downlink transmission efficiency.

The traffic adaptive 2-level active period control has been proposed as a traffic adaptation mechanism to handle temporal and spatial (geographical) traffic fluctuations in cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) employing IEEE802.15.4 medium access control (MAC). This paper proposes a traffic adaptive distributed backoff control mechanism for cluster-based WSNs with the traffic adaptive 2-level active period control to enhance the system performance, especially transmission performance. The proposed mechanism autonomously adjusts the starting time of the backoff procedure for channel accesses in the contention access period (CAP) specified by the IEEE802.15.4 MAC, and then distributes the channel access timing over a wide range within the CAP, which can mitigate channel access congestion. The results of computer simulations show that the proposed mechanism can improve the transmission delay performance while keeping the enhancement in throughput and energy consumption at the cluster-based WSNs under non-uniform traffic environments.

A method for constructing a compact non-blocking, large matrix-size, optomechanical switch is proposed. It can be switched arbitrarily by disconnecting and reconnecting ferrules on the matrix board. A 250500, 25-mm-ferrule-pitch, 800W855D945H (mm) switch is fabricated. Although the space above the board is densely packed with many ferrule-terminated-fibers, because of the way in which they are arranged and the control of their length, there is no discernible excess loss due to fiber bending.

This paper proposes a novel mobile communications system of integrating microcell and macrocell for future land mobile communications which allows the user to enjoy mobile communications services by using one terminal regardless of his terminal speed. Current and developing digital land mobile communications systems are classified into two categories according to their differences in cell size, operating environments, service requirements and terminal speeds. One is a microcell system offering cordless telephone services for the user moving at low speeds and the other is a macrocell system offering vehicle telephone services for the user moving at high speeds. In order to access these two systems, the user needs to have two different terminals and to use an appropriate one according to the operating environments, service requirements and terminal speeds. In this paper, we propose a land mobile communications system in which the user can place a call without any of the inconvenienced described above. The proposed system consists of multi layered composite microcell system with no handover areas, each layer being composed of a number of microcells. This paper presents the detailed structure of this system and evaluates the performances of the channel capacity and the frequency of handovers during a call based on computer simulation results.

The main disadvantage of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high time domain PAPR. The larger PAPR signal would fatally degrade BER performance in non-linear channels. This paper proposes an improved DSI method, which can achieve better PAPR and BER performances in the non-linear channel with less computation complexity than the conventional DSI method. The feature of proposed method is to employ the time-frequency domain swapping algorithm in the determination of frequency data for dummy sub-carriers. This paper presents various computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of proposed DSI method.

This letter proposes a new type of the slack fiber accommodation block composed of book-shaped plastic sheets. The block, capable of accommodating 800-fiber splices, exhibits good transmission characteristics with an average slack fiber accommodation loss of 0.33 dB, which is smaller by 25% than the value attained for the previous type accommodation block.

This paper investigates a frame aggregation (FA) technique in the medium access control (MAC) layer for downlink multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) channels in wireless local area networks (WLANs), and proposes a high-efficient FA scheme that ehances system performance: transmission performance and fairness in communication between mobile terminals (MTs). The proposed FA scheme employs novel criteria for selecting receiving MTs and wireless frame setting with a frame size adaptation mechanism for MU-MIMO transmissions. The proposed receiving MT selection gives higher priority to the MTs expecting higher throughput in the next MU-MIMO transmission and having large amount transmission data while reducing signaling overhead, leading to improvements in system throughput and fairness in communication. The proposed wireless frame setting, which employs hybrid A-MSDU/A-MPDU FA, achieves frame error rate (FER) better than the requirement from communication services by using A-MSDU frame size adaptation. Through system-level simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated for downlink MU-MIMO channels in WLANs.

This paper proposes a medium access control (MAC) mechanism for the recently developed IEEE 802.15.4 standard, a promising candidate to become the physical (PHY) and MAC layer standard for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The main concern in WSNs is the energy consumption, and this paper presents a mechanism that adapts properly the duty cycle operation according to the traffic conditions. Various traffic adaption mechanisms have been presented for the MAC layer of the IEEE 802.15.4. However these conventional mechanisms only consider the temporal traffic fluctuations. The proposed mechanism outperforms the conventional mechanism when applied to cluster-tree based WSNs, because it considers not only the temporal fluctuations but also the spatial (geographical) fluctuations, which are intrinsic characteristics of traffic in WSNs with the cluster tree topology. Evaluations showed that the proposed mechanism achieves less energy consumption than the conventional traffic adaptation mechanism, with maintaining almost the same transmission performance.