In order to improve the quality of VoIP services, an adaptive routing method is proposed in the application layer of Internet gateways. This method determines routing paths based on the average one-way delays in a predetermined re-routing interval. In order to evaluate the performance of the method, five different routing policies are specifically designed and tested. Experimental results show that the method can improve the QoS of Internet phone services.

Compared with much research in the spatial-domain and transform-domain watermarking techniques, VQ-based watermarking technique has not been fully treated. A digital image watermarking scheme based on vector quantisation (VQ) is proposed to improve the degree of spreading watermark information. By partitioning the codebook into 3 groups, the scheme tries to embed one binary information for each block. The scheme spreads the watermark information almost evenly over the image with little extra distortion. The experimental results prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the scheme.