Ray-Model-Based Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Accounting for Anisotropic Sound Propagation

Ping WANG; Lin ZHANG; Victor O.K. LI

doi:10.1587/transcom.E96.B.2060

Ray-Model-Based Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Accounting for Anisotropic Sound Propagation

Ping WANG, Lin ZHANG, Victor O.K. LI

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In classical routing protocols, geographical distances/locations are typically used as the metric to select the best route, under the assumption that shorter distances exhibit lower energy consumption and nodes within the communication range of the sender can receive packets with a certain success probability. However, in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), sound propagation in the ocean medium is more complex than that in the air due to many factors, including sound speed variations and the interaction of sound waves with the sea surface and floor, causing the sound rays to bend. Therefore, propagation of sound is anisotropic in water, and may cause a phenomenon called shadow zone where nodes in the communication range of the sender cannot hear any signal. This renders conventional routing protocols no longer energy-efficient. In this paper, we make use of the ray-model to account for the environment-dependent behavior of the underwater channel, re-define nodes' one-hop neighbors based on signal attenuation rather than geographical distance, and design a distributed energy-efficient routing protocol for UASNs. Results show that our ray-model-based routing policy consistently outperforms the shortest path policy, and performs very close to the optimal one in several scenarios.

Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications Vol.E96-B No.8 pp.2060-2068

Publication Date: 2013/08/01

Publicized

Online ISSN: 1745-1345

DOI: 10.1587/transcom.E96.B.2060

Type of Manuscript: PAPER

Category: Network

Authors

Ping WANG
  Tsinghua University
Lin ZHANG
  Tsinghua University
Victor O.K. LI
  the University of Hong Kong

Keyword

energy-efficient routing, underwater acoustic sensor networks, geographical distance, ray model, anisotropic propagation

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Ping WANG, Lin ZHANG, Victor O.K. LI, "Ray-Model-Based Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Accounting for Anisotropic Sound Propagation" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications, vol. E96-B, no. 8, pp. 2060-2068, August 2013, doi: 10.1587/transcom.E96.B.2060.
Abstract: In classical routing protocols, geographical distances/locations are typically used as the metric to select the best route, under the assumption that shorter distances exhibit lower energy consumption and nodes within the communication range of the sender can receive packets with a certain success probability. However, in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), sound propagation in the ocean medium is more complex than that in the air due to many factors, including sound speed variations and the interaction of sound waves with the sea surface and floor, causing the sound rays to bend. Therefore, propagation of sound is anisotropic in water, and may cause a phenomenon called shadow zone where nodes in the communication range of the sender cannot hear any signal. This renders conventional routing protocols no longer energy-efficient. In this paper, we make use of the ray-model to account for the environment-dependent behavior of the underwater channel, re-define nodes' one-hop neighbors based on signal attenuation rather than geographical distance, and design a distributed energy-efficient routing protocol for UASNs. Results show that our ray-model-based routing policy consistently outperforms the shortest path policy, and performs very close to the optimal one in several scenarios.
URL: https://globals.ieice.org/en_transactions/communications/10.1587/transcom.E96.B.2060/_p

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@ARTICLE{e96-b_8_2060,
author={Ping WANG, Lin ZHANG, Victor O.K. LI, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications},
title={Ray-Model-Based Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Accounting for Anisotropic Sound Propagation},
year={2013},
volume={E96-B},
number={8},
pages={2060-2068},
abstract={In classical routing protocols, geographical distances/locations are typically used as the metric to select the best route, under the assumption that shorter distances exhibit lower energy consumption and nodes within the communication range of the sender can receive packets with a certain success probability. However, in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), sound propagation in the ocean medium is more complex than that in the air due to many factors, including sound speed variations and the interaction of sound waves with the sea surface and floor, causing the sound rays to bend. Therefore, propagation of sound is anisotropic in water, and may cause a phenomenon called shadow zone where nodes in the communication range of the sender cannot hear any signal. This renders conventional routing protocols no longer energy-efficient. In this paper, we make use of the ray-model to account for the environment-dependent behavior of the underwater channel, re-define nodes' one-hop neighbors based on signal attenuation rather than geographical distance, and design a distributed energy-efficient routing protocol for UASNs. Results show that our ray-model-based routing policy consistently outperforms the shortest path policy, and performs very close to the optimal one in several scenarios.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transcom.E96.B.2060},
ISSN={1745-1345},
month={August},}

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TY - JOUR
TI - Ray-Model-Based Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Accounting for Anisotropic Sound Propagation
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SP - 2060
EP - 2068
AU - Ping WANG
AU - Lin ZHANG
AU - Victor O.K. LI
PY - 2013
DO - 10.1587/transcom.E96.B.2060
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
SN - 1745-1345
VL - E96-B
IS - 8
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Y1 - August 2013
AB - In classical routing protocols, geographical distances/locations are typically used as the metric to select the best route, under the assumption that shorter distances exhibit lower energy consumption and nodes within the communication range of the sender can receive packets with a certain success probability. However, in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), sound propagation in the ocean medium is more complex than that in the air due to many factors, including sound speed variations and the interaction of sound waves with the sea surface and floor, causing the sound rays to bend. Therefore, propagation of sound is anisotropic in water, and may cause a phenomenon called shadow zone where nodes in the communication range of the sender cannot hear any signal. This renders conventional routing protocols no longer energy-efficient. In this paper, we make use of the ray-model to account for the environment-dependent behavior of the underwater channel, re-define nodes' one-hop neighbors based on signal attenuation rather than geographical distance, and design a distributed energy-efficient routing protocol for UASNs. Results show that our ray-model-based routing policy consistently outperforms the shortest path policy, and performs very close to the optimal one in several scenarios.
ER -