Time-of-Arrival-Based Indoor Smartphone Localization Using Light-Synchronized Acoustic Waves

Takayuki AKIYAMA; Masanori SUGIMOTO; Hiromichi HASHIZUME

doi:10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2001

Time-of-Arrival-Based Indoor Smartphone Localization Using Light-Synchronized Acoustic Waves

Takayuki AKIYAMA, Masanori SUGIMOTO, Hiromichi HASHIZUME

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Summary :

We describe SyncSync, a time-of-arrival (ToA)-based localization method for smartphones. In general, ToA measurements show better precision than time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) measurements, although ToA systems require a synchronization mechanism between anchor and mobile nodes. For this synchronization, we employ modulated LED light with an acoustic wave for time-of-flight distance measurements. These are detected by the smartphone's video camera and microphone. The time resolution in consumer video cameras is typically only a few tenths of a second, but by utilizing a CMOS image sensor's rolling shutter effect we obtain synchronization resolutions of a few microseconds, which is sufficient for precise acoustic ToA measurements. We conducted experiments to confirm operation of the system, and obtained ToA localization errors within 10mm. The characteristics of the error distributions for both TDoA and ToA measurements were explained by dilution of precision.

Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals Vol.E100-A No.9 pp.2001-2012

Publication Date: 2017/09/01

Publicized

Online ISSN: 1745-1337

DOI: 10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2001

Type of Manuscript: PAPER

Category: Measurement Technology

Authors

Takayuki AKIYAMA
  the Graduate University for Advanced Studies
Masanori SUGIMOTO
  Hokkaido University
Hiromichi HASHIZUME
  National Institute of Informatics

Keyword

acoustic localization, ToA measurement, LED light modulation, time synchronization, DOP

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Takayuki AKIYAMA, Masanori SUGIMOTO, Hiromichi HASHIZUME, "Time-of-Arrival-Based Indoor Smartphone Localization Using Light-Synchronized Acoustic Waves" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals, vol. E100-A, no. 9, pp. 2001-2012, September 2017, doi: 10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2001.
Abstract: We describe SyncSync, a time-of-arrival (ToA)-based localization method for smartphones. In general, ToA measurements show better precision than time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) measurements, although ToA systems require a synchronization mechanism between anchor and mobile nodes. For this synchronization, we employ modulated LED light with an acoustic wave for time-of-flight distance measurements. These are detected by the smartphone's video camera and microphone. The time resolution in consumer video cameras is typically only a few tenths of a second, but by utilizing a CMOS image sensor's rolling shutter effect we obtain synchronization resolutions of a few microseconds, which is sufficient for precise acoustic ToA measurements. We conducted experiments to confirm operation of the system, and obtained ToA localization errors within 10mm. The characteristics of the error distributions for both TDoA and ToA measurements were explained by dilution of precision.
URL: https://globals.ieice.org/en_transactions/fundamentals/10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2001/_p

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@ARTICLE{e100-a_9_2001,
author={Takayuki AKIYAMA, Masanori SUGIMOTO, Hiromichi HASHIZUME, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals},
title={Time-of-Arrival-Based Indoor Smartphone Localization Using Light-Synchronized Acoustic Waves},
year={2017},
volume={E100-A},
number={9},
pages={2001-2012},
abstract={We describe SyncSync, a time-of-arrival (ToA)-based localization method for smartphones. In general, ToA measurements show better precision than time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) measurements, although ToA systems require a synchronization mechanism between anchor and mobile nodes. For this synchronization, we employ modulated LED light with an acoustic wave for time-of-flight distance measurements. These are detected by the smartphone's video camera and microphone. The time resolution in consumer video cameras is typically only a few tenths of a second, but by utilizing a CMOS image sensor's rolling shutter effect we obtain synchronization resolutions of a few microseconds, which is sufficient for precise acoustic ToA measurements. We conducted experiments to confirm operation of the system, and obtained ToA localization errors within 10mm. The characteristics of the error distributions for both TDoA and ToA measurements were explained by dilution of precision.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2001},
ISSN={1745-1337},
month={September},}

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TY - JOUR
TI - Time-of-Arrival-Based Indoor Smartphone Localization Using Light-Synchronized Acoustic Waves
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
SP - 2001
EP - 2012
AU - Takayuki AKIYAMA
AU - Masanori SUGIMOTO
AU - Hiromichi HASHIZUME
PY - 2017
DO - 10.1587/transfun.E100.A.2001
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
SN - 1745-1337
VL - E100-A
IS - 9
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals
Y1 - September 2017
AB - We describe SyncSync, a time-of-arrival (ToA)-based localization method for smartphones. In general, ToA measurements show better precision than time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) measurements, although ToA systems require a synchronization mechanism between anchor and mobile nodes. For this synchronization, we employ modulated LED light with an acoustic wave for time-of-flight distance measurements. These are detected by the smartphone's video camera and microphone. The time resolution in consumer video cameras is typically only a few tenths of a second, but by utilizing a CMOS image sensor's rolling shutter effect we obtain synchronization resolutions of a few microseconds, which is sufficient for precise acoustic ToA measurements. We conducted experiments to confirm operation of the system, and obtained ToA localization errors within 10mm. The characteristics of the error distributions for both TDoA and ToA measurements were explained by dilution of precision.
ER -