Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects

Masahiro SUZUKI; Piyarat SILAPASUPHAKORNWONG; Youichi TAKASHIMA; Hideyuki TORII; Kazutake UEHIRA

doi:10.1587/transinf.2016EDL8213

Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects

Masahiro SUZUKI, Piyarat SILAPASUPHAKORNWONG, Youichi TAKASHIMA, Hideyuki TORII, Kazutake UEHIRA

Full Text Views

0

Share
Cite this

Summary :

We evaluated a technique for protecting the copyright of digital data for 3-D printing. To embed copyright information, the inside of a 3-D printed object is constructed from fine domains that have different physical characteristics from those of the object's main body surrounding them, and to read out the embedded information, these fine domains inside the objects are detected using nondestructive inspections such as X-ray photography or thermography. In the evaluation, copyright information embedded inside the 3-D printed object was expressed using the depth of fine cavities inside the object, and X-ray photography were used for reading them out from the object. The test sample was a cuboid 46mm wide, 42mm long, and 20mm deep. The cavities were 2mm wide and 2mm long. The difference in the depths of the cavities appeared as a difference in the luminance in the X-ray photographs, and 21 levels of depth could be detected on the basis of the difference in luminance. These results indicate that under the conditions of the experiment, each cavity expressed 4 to 5bits of information with its depth. We demonstrated that the proposed technique had the possibility of embedding a sufficient volume of information for expressing copyright information by using the depths of cavities.

Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information Vol.E100-D No.6 pp.1364-1367

Publication Date: 2017/06/01

Publicized: 2017/03/02

Online ISSN: 1745-1361

DOI: 10.1587/transinf.2016EDL8213

Type of Manuscript: LETTER

Category: Information Network

Authors

Masahiro SUZUKI
  Kanagawa Institute of Technology
Piyarat SILAPASUPHAKORNWONG
  Kanagawa Institute of Technology
Youichi TAKASHIMA
  NTT
Hideyuki TORII
  Kanagawa Institute of Technology
Kazutake UEHIRA
  Kanagawa Institute of Technology

Keyword

digital fabrication, 3-D printing, 3-D printer, copyright protection, digital watermarking

Cite this

Copy

Masahiro SUZUKI, Piyarat SILAPASUPHAKORNWONG, Youichi TAKASHIMA, Hideyuki TORII, Kazutake UEHIRA, "Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information, vol. E100-D, no. 6, pp. 1364-1367, June 2017, doi: 10.1587/transinf.2016EDL8213.
Abstract: We evaluated a technique for protecting the copyright of digital data for 3-D printing. To embed copyright information, the inside of a 3-D printed object is constructed from fine domains that have different physical characteristics from those of the object's main body surrounding them, and to read out the embedded information, these fine domains inside the objects are detected using nondestructive inspections such as X-ray photography or thermography. In the evaluation, copyright information embedded inside the 3-D printed object was expressed using the depth of fine cavities inside the object, and X-ray photography were used for reading them out from the object. The test sample was a cuboid 46mm wide, 42mm long, and 20mm deep. The cavities were 2mm wide and 2mm long. The difference in the depths of the cavities appeared as a difference in the luminance in the X-ray photographs, and 21 levels of depth could be detected on the basis of the difference in luminance. These results indicate that under the conditions of the experiment, each cavity expressed 4 to 5bits of information with its depth. We demonstrated that the proposed technique had the possibility of embedding a sufficient volume of information for expressing copyright information by using the depths of cavities.
URL: https://globals.ieice.org/en_transactions/information/10.1587/transinf.2016EDL8213/_p

Copy

@ARTICLE{e100-d_6_1364,
author={Masahiro SUZUKI, Piyarat SILAPASUPHAKORNWONG, Youichi TAKASHIMA, Hideyuki TORII, Kazutake UEHIRA, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information},
title={Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects},
year={2017},
volume={E100-D},
number={6},
pages={1364-1367},
abstract={We evaluated a technique for protecting the copyright of digital data for 3-D printing. To embed copyright information, the inside of a 3-D printed object is constructed from fine domains that have different physical characteristics from those of the object's main body surrounding them, and to read out the embedded information, these fine domains inside the objects are detected using nondestructive inspections such as X-ray photography or thermography. In the evaluation, copyright information embedded inside the 3-D printed object was expressed using the depth of fine cavities inside the object, and X-ray photography were used for reading them out from the object. The test sample was a cuboid 46mm wide, 42mm long, and 20mm deep. The cavities were 2mm wide and 2mm long. The difference in the depths of the cavities appeared as a difference in the luminance in the X-ray photographs, and 21 levels of depth could be detected on the basis of the difference in luminance. These results indicate that under the conditions of the experiment, each cavity expressed 4 to 5bits of information with its depth. We demonstrated that the proposed technique had the possibility of embedding a sufficient volume of information for expressing copyright information by using the depths of cavities.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transinf.2016EDL8213},
ISSN={1745-1361},
month={June},}

Copy

TY - JOUR
TI - Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SP - 1364
EP - 1367
AU - Masahiro SUZUKI
AU - Piyarat SILAPASUPHAKORNWONG
AU - Youichi TAKASHIMA
AU - Hideyuki TORII
AU - Kazutake UEHIRA
PY - 2017
DO - 10.1587/transinf.2016EDL8213
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SN - 1745-1361
VL - E100-D
IS - 6
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
Y1 - June 2017
AB - We evaluated a technique for protecting the copyright of digital data for 3-D printing. To embed copyright information, the inside of a 3-D printed object is constructed from fine domains that have different physical characteristics from those of the object's main body surrounding them, and to read out the embedded information, these fine domains inside the objects are detected using nondestructive inspections such as X-ray photography or thermography. In the evaluation, copyright information embedded inside the 3-D printed object was expressed using the depth of fine cavities inside the object, and X-ray photography were used for reading them out from the object. The test sample was a cuboid 46mm wide, 42mm long, and 20mm deep. The cavities were 2mm wide and 2mm long. The difference in the depths of the cavities appeared as a difference in the luminance in the X-ray photographs, and 21 levels of depth could be detected on the basis of the difference in luminance. These results indicate that under the conditions of the experiment, each cavity expressed 4 to 5bits of information with its depth. We demonstrated that the proposed technique had the possibility of embedding a sufficient volume of information for expressing copyright information by using the depths of cavities.
ER -