Fast Implementation of KCipher-2 for Software and Hardware

Yuto NAKANO; Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA; Shinsaku KIYOMOTO; Tsukasa ISHIGURO; Yutaka MIYAKE; Toshiaki TANAKA; Kouichi SAKURAI

doi:10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43

Fast Implementation of KCipher-2 for Software and Hardware

Yuto NAKANO, Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA, Shinsaku KIYOMOTO, Tsukasa ISHIGURO, Yutaka MIYAKE, Toshiaki TANAKA, Kouichi SAKURAI

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KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated.We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by “Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)”, is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW 2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW 3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.

Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information Vol.E97-D No.1 pp.43-52

Publication Date: 2014/01/01

Publicized

Online ISSN: 1745-1361

DOI: 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43

Type of Manuscript: PAPER

Category: Information Network

Authors

Yuto NAKANO
  KDDI R&D Laboratories
Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA
  KDDI R&D Laboratories
Shinsaku KIYOMOTO
  KDDI R&D Laboratories
Tsukasa ISHIGURO
  KDDI R&D Laboratories
Yutaka MIYAKE
  KDDI R&D Laboratories
Toshiaki TANAKA
  KDDI R&D Laboratories
Kouichi SAKURAI
  Kyushu University

Keyword

stream cipher, KCipher-2, software implementation, hardware implementation

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Yuto NAKANO, Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA, Shinsaku KIYOMOTO, Tsukasa ISHIGURO, Yutaka MIYAKE, Toshiaki TANAKA, Kouichi SAKURAI, "Fast Implementation of KCipher-2 for Software and Hardware" in IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information, vol. E97-D, no. 1, pp. 43-52, January 2014, doi: 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43.
Abstract: KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated.We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by “Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)”, is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW 2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW 3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.
URL: https://globals.ieice.org/en_transactions/information/10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43/_p

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@ARTICLE{e97-d_1_43,
author={Yuto NAKANO, Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA, Shinsaku KIYOMOTO, Tsukasa ISHIGURO, Yutaka MIYAKE, Toshiaki TANAKA, Kouichi SAKURAI, },
journal={IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information},
title={Fast Implementation of KCipher-2 for Software and Hardware},
year={2014},
volume={E97-D},
number={1},
pages={43-52},
abstract={KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated.We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by “Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)”, is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW 2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW 3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.},
keywords={},
doi={10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43},
ISSN={1745-1361},
month={January},}

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TY - JOUR
TI - Fast Implementation of KCipher-2 for Software and Hardware
T2 - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SP - 43
EP - 52
AU - Yuto NAKANO
AU - Kazuhide FUKUSHIMA
AU - Shinsaku KIYOMOTO
AU - Tsukasa ISHIGURO
AU - Yutaka MIYAKE
AU - Toshiaki TANAKA
AU - Kouichi SAKURAI
PY - 2014
DO - 10.1587/transinf.E97.D.43
JO - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
SN - 1745-1361
VL - E97-D
IS - 1
JA - IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information
Y1 - January 2014
AB - KCipher-2 is a word-oriented stream cipher and an ISO/IEC 18033 standard. It is listed as a CRYPTREC cryptographic algorithm for Japanese governmental use. It consists of two feedback shift registers and a non-linear function. The size of each register in KCipher-2 is 32 bits and the non-linear function mainly applies 32-bit operations. Therefore, it can be efficiently implemented as software. SNOW-family stream ciphers are also word-oriented stream ciphers, and their high performance has already been demonstrated.We propose optimised implementations of KCipher-2 and compare their performance to that of the SNOW-family and other eSTREAM portfolios. The fastest algorithm is SNOW 2.0 and KCipher-2 is the second fastest despite the complicated irregular clocking mechanism. However, KCipher-2 is the fastest of the feasible algorithms, as SNOW 2.0 has been shown to have a security flaw. We also optimise the hardware implementation for the Virtex-5 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and show two implementations. The first implementation is a rather straightforward optimisation and achieves 16,153 Mbps with 732 slices. In the second implementation, we duplicate the non-linear function using the structural advantage of KCipher-2 and we achieve 17,354 Mbps with 813 slices. Our implementation of KCipher-2 is around three times faster than those of the SNOW-family and efficiency, which is evaluated by “Throughput/Area (Mbps/slice)”, is 3.6-times better than that of SNOW 2.0 and 8.5-times better than that of SNOW 3G. These syntheses are performed using Xilinx ISE version 12.4.
ER -