In this study, we introduce a lateral electric-field driving system based on continuous potential-difference driving using lateral transparent electrodes to achieve a wide viewing zone angle in electronic holographic displays. We evaluate light modulation to validate the independent driving capability of each pixel at a high resolution (pixel pitch: 1 μm). Additionally, we demonstrate the feasibility of two-dimensional driving by integrating the driving and ground electrodes.

In recent years, demand for smart windows with dimming and other functions has been increasing, e.g., polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Liquid crystal (LC) gels also have the potential for smart glass applications owing to their light-scattering properties. In this study, LC gels were prepared by mixing nematic LC (E7) with poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) as a gelator. The LC gel formed a dense PFO network as the concentration increased. The PFO network structure changed in response to the change in the cooling rate. High contrast ratio of light scattering was obtained for the LC gel device that was fabricated via the 2-wt%-doping of PFO and natural cooling. Furthermore, the PFO concentration and cooling rate were found to affect the response time of the LC gel device.

In this study, we have proposed a millimeter-wave (MMW) single-pixel imaging (SPI) system with a liquid-crystal (LC) mask cell. The LC cell functions as an electrically switchable mask based on the change in absorption properties, which depend on the orientation of the LC. We investigated the influence of noise on the measured and estimated data (reconstructed image). The proposed system exhibited moderate robustness against random noise (that were added) compared to raster scan-based and Hadamard matrix-based SPI systems. Finally, the results of some demonstrative experiments were introduced to ensure the applicability of the constructed MMW-SPI system, and steps for improving the reconstructed image quality were discussed.

Liquid crystal (LC) device has high tunability with low power consumption and it is important not only in visible region but also in terahertz region. In this study, birefringence and absorption losses of hydrogen-bonded LC was estimated at 2.5 THz. Our results indicate that introduction of alkoxy chain to hydrogen-bonded LC is effective to increase birefringence in terahertz region. These results indicate that hydrogen-bonded LCs are a strong candidate for future terahertz devices because of their excellent properties in the terahertz region.

For exploration of the functional use of dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals (LCs), we investigated the dynamic response of molecular alignment in a nematic-phase LC cell with compressive force-induced flow behavior. The results showed that the initial alignment and thickness of the LC layer affect the capacitance of the cell when mechanical pressure is applied.

Liquid crystal director distributions between strong and weak polar anchoring surfaces in hybrid aligned cells are numerically analyzed. When the anchoring is a critical one, homogeneously or homeotropicly liquid crystal alignment can be obtained. Such cells have no threshold voltage and a driving voltage can be reduced less than 0.5 volt.

In this study, we examined the mechanical durability and self-recovery characterization of liquid crystal gel films with lysine-based gelator. The results indicated that the structural destruction in liquid crystal gel films is attributed to dissociation among network structure. The cracked LC gel films can be recovered by formation of sol-sate films.

We examined single crystal growth of benzothienobenzothiophene-based organic semiconductors by solution coating method using liquid crystal and investigated its electrical characteristics. As the results, we revealed that the averaged mobility in the saturation region reached 2.08 cm2/Vs along crystalline b-axis, and 1.08 cm2/Vs along crystalline a-axis.

Recently, a control technique of light distribution pattern has become important to improve the functionality and the light utilization efficiency of electronic displays, illumination devices and so on. As a light control technique, polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have been commonly used so far. However, a precise control of the light diffusion distribution of conventional PDLC has been difficult due to the random polymer network structure, which results in the low light utilization efficiency. On the other hand, reverse-mode PDLCs with homogeneously aligned molecules can anisotropically diffuse light. The reverse-mode PDLC, however, has polarization dependency in the haze value due to homogeneously aligned molecules, which also results in the low light utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the optimization method of light diffusion distribution without the molecules alignment treatment, and we have proposed a novel PDLC with structure-controlled polymer network which was fabricated by the irradiation with uni-directionally diffused UV light. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the process temperature during UV irradiation on the internal structure and light diffusion distribution of the proposed PDLC. As a result, in case that the mixture during UV irradiation was in isotropic phase, we clarified that the structure-controlled PDLCs with alternating striped LCs/polymer pattern could be obtained because the mixture was sufficiently irradiated with uni-directionally diffused UV light. For the high haze, this structure-controlled PDLC should be fabricated as low temperature as possible with maintaining the mixture in isotropic phase so that the mixture was not a nano-scaled molecular mixing state. Also, this PDLC had no polarization dependency in the haze value and could electrically switch the light distribution pattern between anisotropic light diffusion and light transmission. From the above results, we concluded that the proposed PDLC could precisely control the light diffusion distribution, and realize the high light utilization efficiency.

We have proposed a mortar-shaped structure to improve response time and alignment uniformity of twisted vertically aligned (TVA) mode liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for high-contrast reflective color LCDs. From the results of the simulation, we clarified that response time, alignment uniformity and viewing angle range of TVA-mode LCDs were improved by controlling the liquid crystal alignment axis-symmetrically in each pixel.

We have developed the high speed bandpass liquid crystal filter with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 5nm for real-time multi spectral imaging systems. We have successfully achieved short wavelength-switching time of 30ms by the optimization of phase retardation of thin liquid crystal cells.

In this study, we evaluated the electro-optical characteristics and structural stability in curved state of dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) gel film for stretchable displays. As the results, maximum contrast ratio of 6.7:1 and suppression of LC flow were achieved by optimum of blend condition such as gelator and dye concentration.

We proposed the simulation method of reconstructed holographic images in considering phase distribution in the small pixels of liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) and clarified zero-order diffraction appeared on the reconstructed images when the phase distribution in a single pixel is non-uniform. These results are useful for design of fine LC-SLM for realizing wide-viewing-angle holographic displays.

We developed flexible liquid crystal devices using ultra-thin polyimide substrates and bonding polymer spacers, and discussed the effects of polymer spacer structure on the cell thickness uniformity of flexible LCDs. We clarified that the lattice-shaped polymer spacer is effective to stabilize the cell thickness by suppressing the flow of the liquid crystal during bending process.

We investigated the effects of a bending stress on the change in phase retardation of curved polycarbonate substrates and optical characteristics of flexible liquid crystal displays (LCDs). We clarified that the change in phase retardation was extremely small even for the substrates with a small radius of curvature, because bending stresses occurred in the inner and upper surfaces are canceled each other out. We compensated for the phase retardation of polycarbonate substrates by a positive C-plate and successfully suppressed light leakage in both non-curved and curved states. These results indicate the feasibility of high-quality flexible LCDs using polycarbonate substrates even in curved states.

A black mask (BM) is a layer used to improve the display quality by suppressing light leakage. In general, the BM is formed by a photolithography process. In this study, a novel technique for the fabrication of a quasi-black mask (q-BM) is proposed; the q-BM was composed of vertical and hybrid orientation areas, patterned by a separation coating technique using an electro-spray deposition method. Using our technique, the q-BM can be formed easily without the additional masks used for the BM.

A Uniform Lying Helix (ULH) liquid crystal device (LCD) fabricated by utilizing the characteristics of shear flow alignment as well as dielectric anisotropy was demonstrated. Cholesteric liquid crystals with a short helical pitch can exhibit an electric field-induced tilt. These experimental results indicate that it is possible to realize a high-speed response flexible LCD using plastic substrates.

We developed flexible LC devices using coat-debond polyimide substrates with a low birefringence and etched post spacers, and clarified that flexible LCDs using post spacers with small spacer distance have a high flexibility without degradation of the image quality. This result ensured the feasibility of flexible LCDs using coat-debond method.

We have proposed composite films composed of a molecular-aligned polymer and liquid crystal (LC) for substrate-free liquid crystal displays with high-contrast images. We successfully controlled the molecular alignment of the LC and formed molecular-aligned LC droplets in the polymer by controlling the fluidity of the LC/monomer mixture and the curing rate of the monomer.

A broadband mode transition between grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) and post-wall waveguide (PWW) is proposed. The transition is composed of GCPW, microstrip line (MSL) and PWW, where the GCPW and PWW are connected via the MSL. The transition is fabricated on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate because of its low dielectric loss and cost effectiveness based on a roll-to-roll fabrication process. Center strip of the GCPW is sandwiched by two ground pads in each of which two through-holes and a rectangular slit are structured. Broadband impedance matching is achieved by this structure thanks to an addition of lumped inductance and capacitance to the transition. A part of the MSL is tapered for the broadband operation. A 25% impedance bandwidth for |S11| less than -15dB is achieved in measurement of a fabricated transition. Loss of the GCPW ground-signal-ground (GSG) pad of 0.12dB and that of the MSL-PWW transition of 0.29dB at 60GHz are evaluated from the measurement. Fabrication error and the caused tolerance on performance are also evaluated and small variation in production is confirmed. The mode transition can be used for low loss antenna-in-package in millimeter-wave applications.