This paper proposes a nonlinear distortion suppression scheme for optical direct FM Radio-on-Fiber system. This scheme uses the interaction between the nonlinearities of DFM-LD and OFD to suppress a 3rd order intermodulation distortion. We theoretically analyze the carrier to noise-plus-distortion ratio (CNDR) and show a controlling method in the MZI type OFD to realize the proposed suppression scheme.

This paper proposes a nonlinear distortion suppression scheme for optical direct FM Radio-on-Fiber system. This scheme uses the interaction between the nonlinearities of DFM-LD and OFD to suppress a 3rd order intermodulation distortion. We theoretically analyze the carrier to noise-plus-distortion ratio (CNDR) and show a controlling method in the MZI type OFD to realize the proposed suppression scheme.

To reduce an amount of computation of full search algorithm for fast motion estimation, we propose a new and fast matching algorithm without any degradation of predicted images. The computational reduction without any degradation comes from adaptive matching scan algorithm according to the image complexity of the reference block in current frame. Experimentally, we significantly reduce the computational load compared with conventional full search algorithm.

This paper proposes a low-distortion noise canceller and its learning algorithm which is robust against crosstalk and is applicable for continuous sounds. The proposed canceller consists of two stages: cancellation of the crosstalk and cancellation of the noise. A recursive filter reduces the number of computations for noise cancellation stage. Separate filters for the adaptation and the filtering are introduced for crosstalk cancellation. Computer simulations show 10 dB improvement of the error power.

A new timing estimation algorithm for asynchronous DS/CDMA multiuser communication system is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamforming technique that minimizes the beamformer's output power with the constraint that only the signal with exact timing is distortionlessly passed. Exploiting the characteristics that the MVDR beamformer's output power is severely degraded according to erroneous timing estimation, we develop an efficient algorithm to estimate each user's timing by scanning the beamformer's output power variation. Compared to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) or maximum likelihood (ML) based multiuser timing estimator, the complexity is extensively reduced by separating the multi-dimensional optimization problem into several one-dimensional optimization problems. Furthermore, the algorithm is computationally feasible than the subspace-based timing estimator since no eigendecomposition (EVD) is required. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is near-far resistant since the MVDR beamformer is inherently energy independent to the interferers.

A generalized algorithm for designing an optimum VQ source codec in systems with channel coding is presented. Based on an AWGN channel model, the algorithm derives the distribution of the channel decoder soft-output and substitutes it in the expression for the system end-to-end distortion. The VQ encoder/decoder pair is then optimized by minimizing this end-to-end distortion. For a Gauss-Markov source, the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional SOVQ source coding scheme by 5.0 dB in the decoded source SNR. Application of this algorithm for designing optimum low-bit-rate speech codec is given. A 4.0 kbps VQ based CELP codec is designed for performance evaluations, where all the CELP parameter encoder/decoder pairs are optimized by minimizing their end-to-end distortions, respectively. As a result, the speech distortion over the noisy channel is minimized. Subjective tests show that the proposed algorithm improves the decoded speech quality by 2.5 MOS relative to a regular SOVQ CELP speech coding system. The performances of the algorithm under channel mismatch conditions are also shown and discussed.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals suffer nonlinear distortion within the transmitter, in the high-power amplifiers in particular. This paper proposes a nonlinear distortion compensation technique for OFDM signals, which incorporates a baseband predistortion with a constant peak-power OFDM (CP-OFDM). CP-OFDM fixes the envelope-peak amplitude to a constant value while maintaining the linearity of the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) outputs; consequently, the baseband predistorter entirely compensates the nonlinear distortion. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed technique significantly reduces out-of-band power emission and adjacent channel interference (ACI) more than 10 dB respectively.

A 100 W, low distortion AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure FET has been developed for CDMA cellular base stations. This FET employs the longest gate finger ever reported of 800 µm to shrink the chip size. The size of the chip and the package are miniaturized to 1.242.6 mm2 and 17.4 24.0 mm2, respectively. The developed FET exhibits 100 W (50 dBm) saturation output power, and 11.5 dB power gain at 1 dB gain compression at 2.1 GHz. The third-order intermodulation distortion and the power-added efficiency under the two-tone test condition (Δf=1 MHz) are -35 dBc and 24%, respectively at 42 dBm output power, that is 8 dB back off from the saturation power.

Wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA) distortion characteristics of a fabricated double-doped heterojunction FET (HJFET) are presented. Measured results demonstrate that the first and second adjacent channel W-CDMA adjacent channel leakage power ratios (ACPRs) of the HJFET are correlated to the third- and fifth-order intermodulation (IM3 and IM5) distortions respectively under various quiescent drain current operation (Iq). A first channel ACPR dip phenomenon is observed under a low Iq condition, resulting in improved power added efficiency. Due to its close correlation to the IM3 distortion, the ACPR dip phenomenon is explained in terms of the similar IM3 characteristic. Simulated results reveal that the dip is a consequence of the cancellation of distortions generated by the third- and fifth-order nonlinearities at the IM3 frequency. The conditions for the cancellation are detailed.

This paper proposes an adaptive noise canceller with low signal-distortion in the presence of crosstalk. The proposed noise canceller has two pairs of cross-coupled adaptive filters, each of which consists of the main filter and a sub filter. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the primary and the reference signals are estimated by the sub filters. To reduce signal distortion at the output of the adaptive noise canceller, the step sizes for coefficient adaptation in the main filters are controlled according to the estimated SNRs. Computer simulation results show that the proposed noise canceller reduces signal distortion in the output signal by up to 15 dB compared to the conventional noise canceller.

The statistical behavior of the amplitude probability distribution of intermodulation distortion interference in multichannel optical-cable TV systems was experimentally investigated. In multichannel transmission, the non-linearity of a laser diode (LD) or an electrical amplifier can cause intermodulation distortion (composite-second-order beat; CSO, composite-triple-beat; CTB, etc. ). Even though it has been discussed as laser-clipping distortion, intermodulation distortion is usually distortion from AM-VSB carriers. The statistical analysis and evaluation of the distortion in transmitted channel is in controversial. We evaluated the distortion in 20 frequency-division-multiplexed 16-QAM channels, with each carrier carrying 80 Mbps for an optical cable TV system. We first enumerated the distortion components causing interference in each transmission channel so as to identify the intermodulation products. Then, in selected channels, we precisely measured the power of each kind of distortion and the amplitude distributions of the intermodulation distortion from sinusoidal and digital-modulated carriers on cable TV as a function of optical modulation depth (OMD) of LD. And we clarified how the probability distribution function (PDF) changed as the OMD increased. Also, the BER performance of a 16-QAM signal was measured and compare to the intermodulation behavior of the different distortion sources. We found evidence that the amplitude distribution of intermodulation distortion from digital carriers differs from that of thermal noise. Experimental results showed that the PDF of the intermodulation distortion changed when the ratio of intermodulation distortion among all undesired signals varied with the OMD. The BER performance varied with intermodulation of both analogue and digital carriers even when the carrier to interference noise power ratio (CIR) is the same.

The statistical behavior of the amplitude probability distribution of intermodulation distortion interference in multichannel optical-cable TV systems was experimentally investigated. In multichannel transmission, the non-linearity of a laser diode (LD) or an electrical amplifier can cause intermodulation distortion (composite-second-order beat; CSO, composite-triple-beat; CTB, etc. ). Even though it has been discussed as laser-clipping distortion, intermodulation distortion is usually distortion from AM-VSB carriers. The statistical analysis and evaluation of the distortion in transmitted channel is in controversial. We evaluated the distortion in 20 frequency-division-multiplexed 16-QAM channels, with each carrier carrying 80 Mbps for an optical cable TV system. We first enumerated the distortion components causing interference in each transmission channel so as to identify the intermodulation products. Then, in selected channels, we precisely measured the power of each kind of distortion and the amplitude distributions of the intermodulation distortion from sinusoidal and digital-modulated carriers on cable TV as a function of optical modulation depth (OMD) of LD. And we clarified how the probability distribution function (PDF) changed as the OMD increased. Also, the BER performance of a 16-QAM signal was measured and compare to the intermodulation behavior of the different distortion sources. We found evidence that the amplitude distribution of intermodulation distortion from digital carriers differs from that of thermal noise. Experimental results showed that the PDF of the intermodulation distortion changed when the ratio of intermodulation distortion among all undesired signals varied with the OMD. The BER performance varied with intermodulation of both analogue and digital carriers even when the carrier to interference noise power ratio (CIR) is the same.

The transfer function or impulse response of propagation path is one of the most fundamental and most important quantities for equalizing the distortions cased by multipath propagation. In this paper, precise identification of the transfer function of the propagation path under multipath condition is presented. By use of the least-square method, uncertainty due to white noise is sufficiently eliminated.

As wireless communication is penetrating every corner of the globe, the optimum design and accurate analysis of RF, power semiconductor devices become one of the biggest challenges in EDA and TCAD (Technology CAD) tool development. The performance gauge for these devices is quite different from that for either digital or analog devices aimed at small-signal applications in that the power gain, efficiency, and distortion (or the range of linearity) are the utmost design concerns. In this article, the methodology and mathematical foundation for numerical analysis of large signal distortion at the device simulation level are discussed. Although the harmonic balance (HB) method has long been used in circuit simulation for large signal distortion analysis, the implementation of the same method in device simulation faces daunting challenges, among which are the tremendous computational cost and memory storage management. But the benefits from conducting such a device level simulation are also obvious--for the first time, the impact of technology and structural variation of device on large signal performance can directly be assessed. The necessary steps to make the HB analysis feasible in device simulation are outlined and algorithmic improvement to ease the computation/storage burden is discussed. The applications of the device simulator for various RF power devices, including GaAs MESFETs and silicon LDMOS (lateral diffusion MOS) are presented, and the insight gained from such an analysis is provided.

This paper proposes a new distortion analysis method for frequency-dependent FET amplifiers, which uses a novel Frequency-Dependent Complex Power Series (FDCPS) model. This model consists of a frequency-independent nonlinear amplifier represented by an odd-order complex power series and frequency-dependent input and output filters. The in-band frequency characteristics of the saturation region are represented by the frequency-dependent output filter, while the in-band frequency characteristics of the linear region are represented by the frequency-dependent input and output filters. In this method, the time-domain analysis is carried out to calculate the frequency-independent nonlinear amplifier characteristics, and the frequency-domain analysis is applied to calculate the frequency-dependent input and output filter characteristics. The third-order intermodulation (IM3) calculated by this method for a GaAs MESFET amplifier is in good agreement with the numerical results obtained by the Harmonic Balance (HB) method. Moreover, the IM3 calculated by this method also agrees well with the measured data for an L-band 3-stage GaAs MESFET amplifier. It is shown that this method is effective for calculating frequency-dependent distortion of a nonlinear amplifier with broadband modulation signals.

This paper presents a novel distortion compensation technique using an active inductor. First, we describe the input-reflection-coefficient characteristics of a GaAs MESFET active inductor when input power increases. We show that the inductor exhibits positive amplitude deviation and negative/positive phase deviation as the input power increases when the biases of the FETs are set appropriately. The chip size of the fabricated active inductor is less than 0.52 mm2. Then, we show that third-order intermodulation is improved when the active inductor is used as a predistortion linearizer. Third-order intermodulation was improved over the output range from 14 dBm to 25 dBm, and at the output of 15 dBm, third-order intermodulation was improved approximately by 9 dB when the predistortion linearizer was introduced. The active inductor can thus function as a miniaturized predistortion linearizer by using it in the input matching circuit of a power amplifier. This technique can be applied in the miniaturization of wireless communication devices.

Even though BiCMOS process has an ability to make both BJT and MOSFET on single-chip, only BJT has been used for BiCMOS Si-MMIC LNA because of its low noise and high gain performance under low d. c. supply power. But the distortion performance of BJT should be improved for the receiver applications in some wireless systems. In this paper, intermodulation distortion characteristics comparison is carried out between BJT and MOSFET fabricated in the same BiCMOS process by the analysis based on the simplified transistor models with extracted device parameters. The analytical result shows that MOSFET has lower intermodulation distortion characteristics compared with BJT, and the result is evaluated by the measurements. In order to obtain both low distortion and low noise characteristics, a two-stage Si-MMIC LNA is developed by using BJT as the 1st stage and MOSFET as the 2nd stage of LNA. The fabricated LNA performs NF of 2.45 dB, gain of 19.3 dB, IIP3 of14.6 dBm and OIP3 of 4.7 dBm under 3 V/7.2 mA d. c. supply power.

This paper describes amplification with improved linearity by employing a linearizing circuit in an input circuit of an internally-matched Ku-band high power amplifier. The linearizing circuit is composed of series L, C, R and an FET with grounded source and drain, and is connected between the input signal line and ground. This linearizing circuit was applied to a Ku-band 10 W output power amplifier utilizing a 25.2 mm gate-width double-doped Heterojunction FET. The power amplifier demonstrated a 8 dB reduction of the third-order intermodulation at about 6 dB output power backoff point from the 2 dB output compression point.

Technologies used to characterize and compensate nonlinearities in microwave power amplifiers are discussed. First, a complex power series representation that allows both amplitude and phase nonlinearities to be dealt with simultaneously is proposed, and in order to estimate the 3rd-order complex coefficient phase of practical amplifiers, two kinds of experimental measurement methods are proposed. Next, the fundamental circuit configuration of IF cuber predistortion linearizer that compensates 3rd-order intermodulation distortion is derived from a nonlinear analysis using complex power series representation. Two practical cuber predistorters for the 6-GHz TWTA and the 800-MHz FET-PA are demonstrated. Moreover, the unique nonlinear compensation technology of side-band inversion is introduced for microwave relay system using TWTAs. Finally, the self-adjusting feed-forward (SAFF)-PA developed for digital cellular base stations is reviewed.

The architecture and control procedure for a direct conversion receiver are investigated for a linear modulation scheme. The proposed design techniques maintain receiver linearity despite various types of signal distortion. The techniques include the fast gain control procedure for receiving a control channel for air interface connection, DC offset canceling in both analog and digital stages, and 2nd-order intermodulation distortion canceling in an analog down-conversion stage. Experimental and computer simulation results on PHS (Personal Handy-phone System) parameters, showed that required linear modulation performance was achieved and thus the applicability of the proposed techniques was demonstrated.